Step-by-Step OPT Guide for International Students

* OPT offers more flexibility in employment options, while CPT is more structured and tied directly to academic programs.

* CPT is typically used for internships during an academic program, while OPT allows students to gain experience before or after graduation.

OPT Duration and STEM Extension

• Standard OPT: Up to 12 months per education level

• STEM OPT Extension: Additional 24 months (for eligible STEM majors)

👉 Total possible duration: 36 months (for STEM students)

Both CPT and OPT have strict eligibility requirements, so it’s important to plan early with your university and immigration advisor. (Learn more about Day 1 CPT universities)

To be eligible for OPT, F-1 visa students must meet specific requirements:

Remember: You cannot begin your OPT until the start date specified on your employment authorization document (EAD card). 

USCIS typically requires more than 90 days to process OPT applications; therefore, we recommend planning accordingly.

The International Center has no control over the processing time of your OPT application by USCIS.

* Delays in OPT processing are common, so applying early and monitoring your case closely can help prevent disruptions to your employment plans.

If your OPT application is taking longer than expected, you can take specific actions to follow up with USCIS and avoid further delays.

1. Check Your OPT Case Status Online

Regularly monitor your application using your receipt number.

• Visit the USCIS Case Status Online tool
• Look for updates such as:
  • Case received
  • Request for Evidence (RFE) issued
  • Approval notice sent

📌 This should be your first step before taking further action. 

2. Confirm You Are Outside Normal Processing Times

Before submitting a request, verify that your case is delayed.

• Typical OPT processing time (2026): 2 to 5 months
• Use the USCIS Processing Times tool
• Select:
  • Form I-765
  • Category: F-1 Student OPT

👉 Only proceed if your case is beyond the posted timeframe

3. Submit an “Outside Normal Processing Time” Inquiry

If your case is delayed:

• Submit a request through the USCIS website
• Provide your:
  • Receipt number
  • Application details

This notifies USCIS to review your case.

4. Ensure Your Mailing Address Is Correct

Incorrect addresses can delay your EAD delivery.

• Update your address through the USCIS Change of Address tool
• Also notify your DSO of any changes

5. Correct Any Typographical Errors

Errors in your application or notices can cause delays.

• Submit a correction request through USCIS at the Request Typographic Error Corrections.

• Fix issues such as:

  • Name spelling

  • Date of birth

  • Mailing address

6. Respond Quickly to Any Requests for Evidence (RFE)

If USCIS requests additional documents:

• Respond as soon as possible
• Include all required evidence
• Delays in response = delays in processing

7. Contact USCIS If Necessary

If no updates are provided:

• Call USCIS Customer Service
• Submit an online inquiry
• Escalate the issue if your case is significantly delayed

During your OPT period, you must work in a job directly related to your field of study. You are required to work at least 20 hours per week to maintain your status. Employment can be paid or unpaid, as long as it complies with U.S. labor laws.

• Regular paid employment
• Multiple short-term employers or gigs
• Independent contractor or freelance work
• Self-employment
• Employment through an agency
• Unpaid internships or volunteer work

You should keep records of your employment, such as offer letters, contracts, and pay stubs, as proof of your OPT activity.

During post-completion OPT, you may not exceed 90 days of unemployment. Exceeding this limit may affect your F-1 status.